/***********************
 * Macros:
 *      WIKI = StdBitarray
 */

module std.bitarray;

//debug = bitarray;             // uncomment to turn on debugging printf's

private import std.intrinsic;

/**
 * An array of bits.
 */

struct BitArray
{
    size_t len;
    size_t* ptr;

    size_t dim()
    {
        return (len + 31) / 32;
    }

    size_t length()
    {
        return len;
    }

    void length(size_t newlen)
    {
        if (newlen != len)
        {
            size_t olddim = dim();
            size_t newdim = (newlen + 31) / 32;

            if (newdim != olddim)
            {
                // Create a fake array so we can use D's realloc machinery
                auto b = ptr[0 .. olddim];
                b.length = newdim;              // realloc
                ptr = b.ptr;
                if (newdim & 31)
                {   // Set any pad bits to 0
                    ptr[newdim - 1] &= ~(~0 << (newdim & 31));
                }
            }

            len = newlen;
        }
    }

    /**********************************************
     * Support for [$(I index)] operation for BitArray.
     */
    bool opIndex(size_t i)
    in
    {
        assert(i < len);
    }
    body
    {
        return cast(bool)bt(ptr, i);
    }

    /** ditto */
    bool opIndexAssign(bool b, size_t i)
    in
    {
        assert(i < len);
    }
    body
    {
        if (b)
            bts(ptr, i);
        else
            btr(ptr, i);
        return b;
    }

    /**********************************************
     * Support for array.dup property for BitArray.
     */
    BitArray dup()
    {
        BitArray ba;

        auto b = ptr[0 .. dim].dup;
        ba.len = len;
        ba.ptr = b.ptr;
        return ba;
    }

    unittest
    {
        BitArray a;
        BitArray b;

        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.dup.unittest\n");

        a.length = 3;
        a[0] = 1; a[1] = 0; a[2] = 1;
        b = a.dup;
        assert(b.length == 3);
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
        {   debug(bitarray) printf("b[%d] = %d\n", i, b[i]);
            assert(b[i] == (((i ^ 1) & 1) ? true : false));
        }
    }

    /**********************************************
     * Support for foreach loops for BitArray.
     */
    int opApply(int delegate(inout bool) dg)
    {
        int result;

        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
        {   bool b = opIndex(i);
            result = dg(b);
            (*this)[i] = b;
            if (result)
                break;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /** ditto */
    int opApply(int delegate(inout size_t, inout bool) dg)
    {
        int result;

        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
        {   bool b = opIndex(i);
            result = dg(i, b);
            (*this)[i] = b;
            if (result)
                break;
        }
        return result;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opApply unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);

        int i;
        foreach (b;a)
        {
            switch (i)
            {   case 0: assert(b == true); break;
                case 1: assert(b == false); break;
                case 2: assert(b == true); break;
                default: assert(0);
            }
            i++;
        }

        foreach (j,b;a)
        {
            switch (j)
            {   case 0: assert(b == true); break;
                case 1: assert(b == false); break;
                case 2: assert(b == true); break;
                default: assert(0);
            }
        }
    }


    /**********************************************
     * Support for array.reverse property for BitArray.
     */

    BitArray reverse()
        out (result)
        {
            assert(result == *this);
        }
        body
        {
            if (len >= 2)
            {
                bool t;
                size_t lo, hi;

                lo = 0;
                hi = len - 1;
                for (; lo < hi; lo++, hi--)
                {
                    t = (*this)[lo];
                    (*this)[lo] = (*this)[hi];
                    (*this)[hi] = t;
                }
            }
            return *this;
        }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.reverse.unittest\n");

        BitArray b;
        static bool[5] data = [1,0,1,1,0];
        int i;

        b.init(data);
        b.reverse;
        for (i = 0; i < data.length; i++)
        {
            assert(b[i] == data[4 - i]);
        }
    }


    /**********************************************
     * Support for array.sort property for BitArray.
     */

    BitArray sort()
        out (result)
        {
            assert(result == *this);
        }
        body
        {
            if (len >= 2)
            {
                size_t lo, hi;

                lo = 0;
                hi = len - 1;
                while (1)
                {
                    while (1)
                    {
                        if (lo >= hi)
                            goto Ldone;
                        if ((*this)[lo] == true)
                            break;
                        lo++;
                    }

                    while (1)
                    {
                        if (lo >= hi)
                            goto Ldone;
                        if ((*this)[hi] == false)
                            break;
                        hi--;
                    }

                    (*this)[lo] = false;
                    (*this)[hi] = true;

                    lo++;
                    hi--;
                }
            Ldone:
                ;
            }
            return *this;
        }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.sort.unittest\n");

        static uint x = 0b1100011000;
        static BitArray ba = { 10, &x };
        ba.sort;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; i++)
            assert(ba[i] == false);
        for (size_t i = 6; i < 10; i++)
            assert(ba[i] == true);
    }


    /***************************************
     * Support for operators == and != for bit arrays.
     */

    int opEquals(BitArray a2)
    {   size_t i;

        if (this.length != a2.length)
            return 0;           // not equal
        byte *p1 = cast(byte*)this.ptr;
        byte *p2 = cast(byte*)a2.ptr;
        auto n = this.length / 8;
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            if (p1[i] != p2[i])
                return 0;               // not equal
        }

        n = this.length & 7;
        auto mask = cast(ubyte)((1 << n) - 1);
        //printf("i = %d, n = %d, mask = %x, %x, %x\n", i, n, mask, p1[i], p2[i]);
        return (mask == 0) || (p1[i] & mask) == (p2[i] & mask);
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opEquals unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1,0,1];
        static bool[] bb = [1,0,1];
        static bool[] bc = [1,0,1,0,1,0,1];
        static bool[] bd = [1,0,1,1,1];
        static bool[] be = [1,0,1,0,1];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b; b.init(bb);
        BitArray c; c.init(bc);
        BitArray d; d.init(bd);
        BitArray e; e.init(be);

        assert(a != b);
        assert(a != c);
        assert(a != d);
        assert(a == e);
    }

    /***************************************
     * Implement comparison operators.
     */

    int opCmp(BitArray a2)
    {
        size_t i;

        auto len = this.length;
        if (a2.length < len)
            len = a2.length;
        auto p1 = cast(ubyte*)this.ptr;
        auto p2 = cast(ubyte*)a2.ptr;
        auto n = len / 8;
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            if (p1[i] != p2[i])
                break;          // not equal
        }
        for (auto j = i * 8; j < len; j++)
        {   auto mask = cast(ubyte)(1 << j);

            auto c = cast(int)(p1[i] & mask) - cast(int)(p2[i] & mask);
            if (c)
                return c;
        }
        version (D_LP64)
        {
            long c = this.len - a2.length;
            if (c < 0)
                return -1;
            else
                return c != 0;
        }
        else
            return cast(int)this.len - cast(int)a2.length;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opCmp unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1,0,1];
        static bool[] bb = [1,0,1];
        static bool[] bc = [1,0,1,0,1,0,1];
        static bool[] bd = [1,0,1,1,1];
        static bool[] be = [1,0,1,0,1];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b; b.init(bb);
        BitArray c; c.init(bc);
        BitArray d; d.init(bd);
        BitArray e; e.init(be);

        assert(a >  b);
        assert(a >= b);
        assert(a <  c);
        assert(a <= c);
        assert(a <  d);
        assert(a <= d);
        assert(a == e);
        assert(a <= e);
        assert(a >= e);
    }

    /***************************************
     * Set BitArray to contents of ba[]
     */

    void init(bool[] ba)
    {
        length = ba.length;
        foreach (i, b; ba)
        {
            (*this)[i] = b;
        }
    }


    /***************************************
     * Map BitArray onto v[], with numbits being the number of bits
     * in the array. Does not copy the data.
     *
     * This is the inverse of opCast.
     */
    void init(void[] v, size_t numbits)
    in
    {
        assert(numbits <= v.length * 8);
        assert((v.length & 3) == 0);
    }
    body
    {
        ptr = cast(typeof(ptr))v.ptr;
        len = numbits;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.init unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1,0,1];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b;
        void[] v;

        v = cast(void[])a;
        b.init(v, a.length);

        assert(b[0] == 1);
        assert(b[1] == 0);
        assert(b[2] == 1);
        assert(b[3] == 0);
        assert(b[4] == 1);

        a[0] = 0;
        assert(b[0] == 0);

        assert(a == b);
    }

    /***************************************
     * Convert to void[].
     */
    void[] opCast()
    {
        return cast(void[])ptr[0 .. dim];
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opCast unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1,0,1];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        void[] v = cast(void[])a;

        assert(v.length == a.dim * uint.sizeof);
    }

    /***************************************
     * Support for unary operator ~ for bit arrays.
     */
    BitArray opCom()
    {
        auto dim = this.dim();

        BitArray result;

        result.length = len;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < dim; i++)
            result.ptr[i] = ~this.ptr[i];
        if (len & 31)
            result.ptr[dim - 1] &= ~(~0 << (len & 31));
        return result;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opCom unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1,0,1];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b = ~a;

        assert(b[0] == 0);
        assert(b[1] == 1);
        assert(b[2] == 0);
        assert(b[3] == 1);
        assert(b[4] == 0);
    }


    /***************************************
     * Support for binary operator & for bit arrays.
     */
    BitArray opAnd(BitArray e2)
    in
    {
        assert(len == e2.length);
    }
    body
    {
        auto dim = this.dim();

        BitArray result;

        result.length = len;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < dim; i++)
            result.ptr[i] = this.ptr[i] & e2.ptr[i];
        return result;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opAnd unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1,0,1];
        static bool[] bb = [1,0,1,1,0];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b; b.init(bb);

        BitArray c = a & b;

        assert(c[0] == 1);
        assert(c[1] == 0);
        assert(c[2] == 1);
        assert(c[3] == 0);
        assert(c[4] == 0);
    }


    /***************************************
     * Support for binary operator | for bit arrays.
     */
    BitArray opOr(BitArray e2)
    in
    {
        assert(len == e2.length);
    }
    body
    {
        auto dim = this.dim();

        BitArray result;

        result.length = len;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < dim; i++)
            result.ptr[i] = this.ptr[i] | e2.ptr[i];
        return result;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opOr unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1,0,1];
        static bool[] bb = [1,0,1,1,0];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b; b.init(bb);

        BitArray c = a | b;

        assert(c[0] == 1);
        assert(c[1] == 0);
        assert(c[2] == 1);
        assert(c[3] == 1);
        assert(c[4] == 1);
    }


    /***************************************
     * Support for binary operator ^ for bit arrays.
     */
    BitArray opXor(BitArray e2)
    in
    {
        assert(len == e2.length);
    }
    body
    {
        auto dim = this.dim();

        BitArray result;

        result.length = len;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < dim; i++)
            result.ptr[i] = this.ptr[i] ^ e2.ptr[i];
        return result;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opXor unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1,0,1];
        static bool[] bb = [1,0,1,1,0];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b; b.init(bb);

        BitArray c = a ^ b;

        assert(c[0] == 0);
        assert(c[1] == 0);
        assert(c[2] == 0);
        assert(c[3] == 1);
        assert(c[4] == 1);
    }


    /***************************************
     * Support for binary operator - for bit arrays.
     *
     * $(I a - b) for BitArrays means the same thing as $(I a &amp; ~b).
     */
    BitArray opSub(BitArray e2)
    in
    {
        assert(len == e2.length);
    }
    body
    {
        auto dim = this.dim();

        BitArray result;

        result.length = len;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < dim; i++)
            result.ptr[i] = this.ptr[i] & ~e2.ptr[i];
        return result;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opSub unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1,0,1];
        static bool[] bb = [1,0,1,1,0];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b; b.init(bb);

        BitArray c = a - b;

        assert(c[0] == 0);
        assert(c[1] == 0);
        assert(c[2] == 0);
        assert(c[3] == 0);
        assert(c[4] == 1);
    }


    /***************************************
     * Support for operator &= bit arrays.
     */
    BitArray opAndAssign(BitArray e2)
    in
    {
        assert(len == e2.length);
    }
    body
    {
        auto dim = this.dim();

        for (size_t i = 0; i < dim; i++)
            ptr[i] &= e2.ptr[i];
        return *this;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opAndAssign unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1,0,1];
        static bool[] bb = [1,0,1,1,0];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b; b.init(bb);

        a &= b;
        assert(a[0] == 1);
        assert(a[1] == 0);
        assert(a[2] == 1);
        assert(a[3] == 0);
        assert(a[4] == 0);
    }


    /***************************************
     * Support for operator |= for bit arrays.
     */
    BitArray opOrAssign(BitArray e2)
    in
    {
        assert(len == e2.length);
    }
    body
    {
        auto dim = this.dim();

        for (size_t i = 0; i < dim; i++)
            ptr[i] |= e2.ptr[i];
        return *this;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opOrAssign unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1,0,1];
        static bool[] bb = [1,0,1,1,0];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b; b.init(bb);

        a |= b;
        assert(a[0] == 1);
        assert(a[1] == 0);
        assert(a[2] == 1);
        assert(a[3] == 1);
        assert(a[4] == 1);
    }

    /***************************************
     * Support for operator ^= for bit arrays.
     */
    BitArray opXorAssign(BitArray e2)
    in
    {
        assert(len == e2.length);
    }
    body
    {
        auto dim = this.dim();

        for (size_t i = 0; i < dim; i++)
            ptr[i] ^= e2.ptr[i];
        return *this;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opXorAssign unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1,0,1];
        static bool[] bb = [1,0,1,1,0];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b; b.init(bb);

        a ^= b;
        assert(a[0] == 0);
        assert(a[1] == 0);
        assert(a[2] == 0);
        assert(a[3] == 1);
        assert(a[4] == 1);
    }

    /***************************************
     * Support for operator -= for bit arrays.
     *
     * $(I a -= b) for BitArrays means the same thing as $(I a &amp;= ~b).
     */
    BitArray opSubAssign(BitArray e2)
    in
    {
        assert(len == e2.length);
    }
    body
    {
        auto dim = this.dim();

        for (size_t i = 0; i < dim; i++)
            ptr[i] &= ~e2.ptr[i];
        return *this;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opSubAssign unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1,0,1];
        static bool[] bb = [1,0,1,1,0];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b; b.init(bb);

        a -= b;
        assert(a[0] == 0);
        assert(a[1] == 0);
        assert(a[2] == 0);
        assert(a[3] == 0);
        assert(a[4] == 1);
    }

    /***************************************
     * Support for operator ~= for bit arrays.
     */

    BitArray opCatAssign(bool b)
    {
        length = len + 1;
        (*this)[len - 1] = b;
        return *this;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opCatAssign unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0,1,0,1];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b;

        b = (a ~= true);
        assert(a[0] == 1);
        assert(a[1] == 0);
        assert(a[2] == 1);
        assert(a[3] == 0);
        assert(a[4] == 1);
        assert(a[5] == 1);

        assert(b == a);
    }

    /***************************************
     * ditto
     */

    BitArray opCatAssign(BitArray b)
    {
        auto istart = len;
        length = len + b.length;
        for (auto i = istart; i < len; i++)
            (*this)[i] = b[i - istart];
        return *this;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opCatAssign unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0];
        static bool[] bb = [0,1,0];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b; b.init(bb);
        BitArray c;

        c = (a ~= b);
        assert(a.length == 5);
        assert(a[0] == 1);
        assert(a[1] == 0);
        assert(a[2] == 0);
        assert(a[3] == 1);
        assert(a[4] == 0);

        assert(c == a);
    }

    /***************************************
     * Support for binary operator ~ for bit arrays.
     */
    BitArray opCat(bool b)
    {
        auto r = this.dup;
        r.length = len + 1;
        r[len] = b;
        return r;
    }

    /** ditto */
    BitArray opCat_r(bool b)
    {
        BitArray r;

        r.length = len + 1;
        r[0] = b;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
            r[1 + i] = (*this)[i];
        return r;
    }

    /** ditto */
    BitArray opCat(BitArray b)
    {
        BitArray r;

        r = this.dup();
        r ~= b;
        return r;
    }

    unittest
    {
        debug(bitarray) printf("BitArray.opCat unittest\n");

        static bool[] ba = [1,0];
        static bool[] bb = [0,1,0];

        BitArray a; a.init(ba);
        BitArray b; b.init(bb);
        BitArray c;

        c = (a ~ b);
        assert(c.length == 5);
        assert(c[0] == 1);
        assert(c[1] == 0);
        assert(c[2] == 0);
        assert(c[3] == 1);
        assert(c[4] == 0);

        c = (a ~ true);
        assert(c.length == 3);
        assert(c[0] == 1);
        assert(c[1] == 0);
        assert(c[2] == 1);

        c = (false ~ a);
        assert(c.length == 3);
        assert(c[0] == 0);
        assert(c[1] == 1);
        assert(c[2] == 0);
    }
}
